The physical and chemical properties of silver are similar to the two vertical neighbors copper and gold on the periodic table. The precipitate is washed and melted with a flux of nitrate to remove the excess of zinc.The sludge is removed by filtration and the filtrate silver is precipitated by zinc or aluminum.The Na 2S is oxidized by aeration, otherwise, it would tend to reverse reaction. It is extracted from its important ores by leaching the finely powdered of ore with dilute (0.4 percent) sodium cyanide solution.Electrolysis of AgNO 3 solution gives a pure form of silver metal at the cathode.Finally, Ag-containing materials are dissolved in dilute nitric acid.The remaining anode slug was heated with lime and silica to remove most of the base metal as a slug.The anode slime or mud is heated with dilute sulfuric acid in a stream of air to dissolve some metals.Mostly silver was obtained as a byproduct for the production of copper, lead, and zinc by collecting anode slime or mud.They are considered transition metals because, in +2 or +3 oxidation number or state, they possess incompletely filled d- orbital. The atomic states of copper, silver, and gold or noble metal contain ns 1 (n−1)d 10 outer electron configuration or filled d-subshell. It is placed in group 11 in the periodic table with d-block elements. The 47 electrons of the silver atom are distributed in different energy levels to show the following electronic configuration given below the picture, SilverĪssyrian serpu or Gothic silbur meaning white and from the Latin name, Argentum means shiny white (Greek latter Argos) It is attacked by atmospheric sulfur compounds, mainly hydrogen sulfide (H 2S). In learning chemistry, it dissolved in water to the extent of 0.07 mg liter −1 in presence of dissolved oxygen. Properties of silverĬhemically, silver metal is a quite unreactive chemical element with a good conductor of electricity. In India, it is obtained from Kolar gold mines produced from the smelting of Zawar lead ores. Silver is found in various countries such as the United States, Canada, Peru, Mexico, Bolivia, and New South Wales. It is now largely discovered as a byproduct of the extraction of copper and lead. Horn silver (AgCl) is found in some minerals in Chile and New South Wales formed by the action of salt water. It is widely distributed in nature as sulfide ore like a silver glance or argentite (Ag 2S). The relative occurrence of metal in the earth’s crust is 0.08 ppm while that of gold is 0.004 ppm. The name silver comes from Assyrian serpu or Gothic silbur meaning white and from the Latin name, Argentum means shiny white (Greek latter Argos). It forms an FCC crystal lattice with characteristic silvery-white colour.
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